Successes And Failures Of Executive Information Systems

Successes And Failures Of Executive Information Systems The Executive Information Systems (EIS) was facing a high risk of failures, these estimates 70% of the failures. Organizational psychological, technological and educational issues make the implementation of the system difficult. Although it was an EIS but there were only little users of executives and the majority of the executives never rate the EIS advantages highly. The majority users of the system are middle management level. Based on this fact, implementation success cannot be taken for granted. The failure and success of other system cannot be applied to EIS. More organizations are using EIS and their derivatives and this make the system important. But there is less additional research about EIS although the model of critical success factors (CSF) for EIS already exists 10 years. There do not have any prove that show CSFs are universal in the application in different situation. System success There are some difficulties to define system success. Based on combination suggestions from many researchers, the article researchers had chosen 5 evaluation creations and introduce with the explanations. Access : the EIS is made available and users are given access to the system The development team should make the system available for the entire user. Use : the EIS is used by the intended users If the system cannot provide any benefit to the users, the system is facing failure. The development team also needs to make sure that EIS is using by the potential users. Satisfaction : users are satisfied with the EIS The satisfaction of user is important. If the user is satisfied with the system, it means the system successful. Positive impact : the EIS has positive impact the executive and the organization If the system can bring benefits to the user then the system is success. Diffusion : the EIS tends to spread The number of users also can show the successful of EIS. When an EIS user gains impact from the system, he will promote it to other colleagues. This will increase the number of users of EIS. CSFs reviewed Based on Rocket and DeLong (1988), they had mentioned that there are 8 areas that appear to be the important factors to EIS success. Other researches prove that the factors will influence the EIS success and the researchers add on two factors that will influence the EIS success. Committed and informed executive sponsor The committee that invests time and effort in development of EIS will have more understanding about the capability and limitation of the system. Operating sponsor They need to have operating sponsor to design the details of implementation from the user side to leverage the executive sponsor. Appropriate IS staff Senior executive need a quality staff to support the IS. This can make sure that the top management can interact with supporting staffs to make the system success. Appropriate technology The acceptance of system is based on the choice of hardware and software. The specifically designed product has solved the problem of lack of hardware and software. Management of data The internal and external sources, ability to access the data are the issues in system development. Some factors will block the implementation information systems (IS) for executives. Clear link to business objectives The system must have a clear link to business objective and clear benefits in using the technology. The system must provide something that other system does not have in order to add value to the data. Management of organizational resistance The political resistance is the factor that causes failure in using system. The reason is because executive can change information and shift the power inside the company. Management of system evolution and spread This is to fulfill the users demand and identifying all the needs of user and take it into account when expend the system. Evolutionary development methodology Evolutionary development methodology find the way on how the system can give value to the executive, and keep the executive hopefully and aware of the project. Carefully defined information and system requirements Fulfill the executive need is the key of successful system. Methodology This research studied the basic EIS success model. This model shows that CSFs will influence the system success. To get the 10 CFSs, the researchers study the six Hong Kong organizational cases. The researchers used face to face interview. They used a series of personal interviews with the key person in organizational. The questionnaires include open-end questions, and all the questionnaires send out before the interview. This was to make sure all the interviewee would provide more information. There are two sets of questionnaires; company still using the system and company stop using the system. Results After the results for all six organizations were analyzed, three success cases emerged (Major railway, international airline and health care provider companies), two failed cases (Utility and shipping companies) and one unresolved case (Large University). The two failures cases are categories as true failures by the decision to terminate the EIS and deficiency of benefits derived by the firm. The unresolved case was happen where the system was actually used, but it has no met its initial expectation, only a small fraction of its functionally, the benefits were not conceive and that no future expansion plan were planned. There are ten CSFs. The first one is a committed and informed executive sponsor. In success cases, top management always ensures resources and political support, provide direction and feedback, keep constant pressure on EIS project team and communicate strong and put continuing interest to the EIS developers and data providers. In unresolved case the president applies hands off approach to manage EIS project but he ensures the resources support needed for EIS. However, the failed case never set deadlines for EIS project and faced loss on sponsorship after loss of interest and direction from top management. The second CSFs are an operating sponsor. In success cases, operating manager have commit resources and time, participate and promote and help match business needs with technological capabilities. In unresolved cases, operating manager has handling day to day issues of development and translates users needs to design team. However, in failed cases, no clear single operating sponsor role are assign so the top management operating focus cannot be communicate to users. The third CSFs are appropriate IS staff. In success cases, companies applied team approaches which include external consultants, sponsors and data providers. In unresolved cases, internal staff confronted problem after external consultant left, company not have enough competence internal staff. Companies cannot development new EIS to meet users new requirements. However, in failed cases, there are no inheritor after the departure of IS staff. Company staffs are lack experience with EIS development. External consultants are lack understanding of the executive environment. The fourth CSFs are appropriate technology. In success cases, the capability, capacity and response time of technology are pleased with users. Vendor-supplied EIS software is used and a custom-built system is developed in management. The system supports for rapid screen design and maintenance. Users are pleased with it because this system is ease to use, always updated with new user needs and it is more flexible and faster. In unresolved case, users are facing the problem with accessing the system as there are complicated and slow response time. However, in failed cases, management felt difficult to write their own software as there is no prototype provided and need a long time to build the system. The fifth CSFs are management of data. Data that produced by system is in novel format consists of hard and soft data, internal and external data which add value to existing reports. Data are timely, accurate, reliable and consistent. Manager will verify the feasibility of obtaining information before committing to incorporate into EIS. In unresolved cases, duplication of works is occurred. Data are not being updated and incomplete in system. Moreover, they do not provide external data too. In failed cases, manager unable or taken a long time to obtain information for EIS. Data are not provided on time and presented in desired formats. Duplication of works is occurred too. The sixth CSFs are clear link to business objectives. For success cases, management is able to identify the key performance indicator, focus on business opportunity and then define the benefits by using EIS. They will define the critical success factors before the commencement of EIS project. For unresolved cases, value of EIS clearly defined and linked directly to users information needs. However, in failed cases, EIS do not have clear link to business objectives as executives are undervalued the importance of EIS. In succession, they do not convey clearly the objectives and benefits of EIS to users. In the seventh CSFs, it discuss about management of organizational resistance. There are few reasons make the factors successes which are EIS developers report that organizational resistance is not significant, majority of users are willing to use the system also make the factors success, resistance is handled by education and negotiation and relief which make IT is an important tool to help staff achieve business objectives. On the other side, there are some reasons make the factors become unresolved case. First, resistance is found initially due to the unfriendly user interface and slow response time. Second, resistance is less since training is provided and the technology is enhanced. Then, the reasons make the factors fails are data providers and middle management do not cooperate with the EIS project manager. There is also no action to manage the resistance. Corporate culture is not ready for the EIS and reluctant to embrace the technology also make the factors fail. After that, in the eighth CSFs which is good management of system evolution and spread. To be success in EIS new modules or refinements and enhancements are carried out following their comments. Then, new features and functions are added to meet increasing user requirements and also they are also encouraging user participation to express their needs. The reasons of no evolution due to the inadequate human resources and EIS cannot be enhanced quickly enough to capitalize on the newfound requirements make the case become unsolved. If there is no planning for EIS spread and evolution is not made to respond to users needs make the case fails. In the ninth CSFs, it discuss about the evolutionary or prototyping approach. Without using evolution or prototyping approaching make the case become unresolved. If the user only using prototyping approach without using evolution approach then it would make the case fails. Then in the tenth CSFs, it discusses about information and system requirements are carefully defined. The factors which help to achieve the EIS succeed are defined a view of what EIS is intended to achieve, review the existing management reports, interview executives and personnel who work for executives, the design is capable of meeting the requirements of different executives, arrange on-site meeting with EIS users at each output for meeting the information requirements of each output manager, ask personnel who support management and encourage users to devote time to try the EIS prototype. For some unsolved case, the users just review the existing reports to define information requirements and not carefully defined real users needs. Then, reasons like executive cannot devote time to the EIS project, information and system cannot be clearly defined, unable to articulate information requirements, users do not have time discuss with consultants and external consultants have problems t o understand users needs because of a lack of familiarity with the business make the case fails also. Discussion The three success cases seem to manage the CSFs well but the other two cases fails to do so. A well-managed of meta-CSFs can either result in a good or bad way. However, without such CSFs, it increases the difficulty in identifying the success and failures in an EIS. It was uncertain to identify the meta-CSFs as only six cases are analyzed. However, based on the analysis, the unresolved case, even though that had well championship from executives and operating sponsors, they miss the fundamental factor. This refers to the resources of the people, financial and appropriate technology. Another factor that influenced the unresolved case is the link to business objectives. Executives have a strong orientation but limited time to search for benefits. System with clear benefits demonstrated, linked to business objectives, and has a higher user acceptance. Temporal consideration is reflected as strong sponsorship of resources before EIS is launched. Little usage is achievable if the system cannot establish clear benefits. The two failure cases provide some evidence of the critical failure factors yearning in failing the EIS, top management prefer informal personal reporting, fear of losing influence by the employees, uncooperative data provider and middle management with EIS project manager and unprepared corporate culture. Both failed organization apparently implemented the Chinese management system. The characteristic of this management is that all strategic and major personnel decision is made by the owners and direct supervision of work and personal reporting rather than formal information system. Critical failure factors are different from the CSFs clear link to business objectives and management of organization resistance. Management system weighted the peoples experiences and beliefs rather than formal written rules for the sake of the organization, may be opposed to business objectives. Strong opposition causes the failure of the IS or vice versa. Mismatch of IS with the organizations managem ent system should be differentiated from normal organization resistance to avoid fear-based culture. However, in these two failure cases, the existence of letting the system fail is higher than the success of the system. Conclusion Understanding system failure and success is important. The on-line analytical processing (OLAP) associated with the EIS trend is a way of looking beyond transactions to forces driving them. It helps organization to have accurate forecast sales to have better planning in inventory, production, advertisement expenses and product pricing. In this study, Rockart and Delongs application of the eight CSFs and the additional of two factors are confirmed. Hence, it is important to have championing, resources and system link to business objectives. Unsuccessful system may result from disagreement with management system. Organizations that translate the needed information with business goals to a good system are likely to success than solving problems with an IS. Student Expectations In this case, EIS is not function perfectly because there is limited functionality, high implementation costs, less reliable and less secure data. IS project team should give pressure to the company as they are creating and maintaining the system, to receive resources that should have been received. This means that resources will be received at the time when it is needed and not after. The encouragement by the IS staff is important after the system has been done (creating/maintaining) as they need to demonstrate the benefit in sense of it ease in accessing the system and so on. Less time is needed to produce information that is needed as time is gold to the executives. Proper and specific training shall be given by external consultants to internal IS staffs, especially when a new system was created. This is to make sure that are a backup of the system in case external consultant leave. Nowadays, there is a lot of business systems which are more useful compare with EIS. For example, International Business System (IBS), which is a leading provider of distribution management solutions. IBS focuses on industries such as automotive, electrical components, paper packaging, pharmaceutical distribution and so on.

Personal and Professional Ethic

1. List 2 examples of legal issues affecting healthcare and describe how you determined your choices to be legal issues. 2. Give 2 examples of ethical issues affecting healthcare and describe how you determined your choices to be ethical issues. 3. Give 2 examples of moral issues affecting healthcare and describe how you determined your choices to be moral issues. 4. Describe the impact your own personal ethics may have on your practice as a healthcare professional. 5. List 3 ideas that you have for keeping your personal and professional ethics separate: . How does diversity (ethnic, social and cultural) play a role in providing patient care for your chosen profession? Unit 9 Project Questions: Part II (NOTE: you may need to refer to chapter 3 and/or Unit 2 for this section) 7. What is the name of the professional organization related to your chosen career? (NOTE: a list of professional organizations can be found in the Code of Ethics and Professional Organizations module in the Read ing section of Unit 2) 8. How will your professional Code of Ethics help to guide you in making decisions on-the job? NOTE: a link to your Code of Ethics can be found in the Code of Ethics and Professional Organizations module in the Reading section of Unit 2) 9. How does your professional Code of Ethics differ from the American Medical Association Code of Ethics? 10. Does your professional organization offer a credentialing exam for your career? If so, what is the name of the credential you can receive after passing the exam? 11. For most allied health professionals, a certification can be preferred but is optional. Why is this? 12. Name two healthcare professionals in which a license would be required to practice.

Mother Daughter Relationships - Family Relations in Amy...

Family Relations in The Joy Luck Club One passage, from the novel The Joy Luck Club, written by Amy Tan, reveals the complex relations and emotions that are involved in families. This passage concerns the story of four Chinese women and their daughters. The author leads the reader through the experiences of the mothers as they left China and came to America. The daughters have been raised in America, as Americans. This is what the mothers had wanted although it also causes them great distress. This is illustrated in the passage I have chosen. â€Å"My daughter wanted to go to China for her second honeymoon, but now she is afraid. â€Å"What if I blend in so well they think I’m one of them?† Waverly asked me. â€Å"What if they†¦show more content†¦Pee-pee, choo-choo train, eat, close light sleep. How can she think she can blend in? Only her skin and her hair are Chinese. Inside - she is all American - made. It’s my fault she is this way. I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these two things do not mix? I taught her how American circumstances work. If you are born poor here, it’s no lasting shame. You are first in line for a scholarship. If the roof crashes on your head, no need to cry over this bad luck. You can sue anybody, make the landlord fix it. You do not have to sit like a Buddha under a tree letting pigeons drop their dirty business on your head. You can buy an umbrella. Or you can go inside a Catholic church. In America, nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives you. She learned these things, but I couldn’t teach her about Chinese character. How to obey parents and listen to your mother’s mind. How not to show your own thoughts, to put your feelings behind your face so you can take advantage of hidden opportunities. Why easy things are not worth pursuing. How to know your own worth and polish it, ne ver flashing it around like a cheap ring. Why Chinese thinking is best. No, this kind of thinking didn’t stick to her. She was too busy chewing gum, blowing bubbles bigger than her cheeks. Only that kind of thinking stuckShow MoreRelatedAmy Tan: A Brief Biography757 Words   |  3 PagesAmy Tan is an American Chinese writer most notably known for her critically acclaimed novel The Joy Luck Club, amongst many others. Amy Ruth Tan was born on February 19, 1952, in Oakland California to John and Daisy Tan. Both of Amy’s parents were Chinese immigrants who fled from China to escape hardships. Amy’s mother, Daisy, divorced her abusive husband and left behind three daughters before immigrating to the United States and marrying Amy’s father, John. The marriage produced three children,Read More Mother-daughter Relations and Clash of Cultures in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club2470 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amy Tan is an American Born Chinese, daughter of immigrants, and her family shares many features with the families depicted in her novels. Tans novels offer some glimpses of life in China while developing the themes of mother-daughter relations, cultural adaptation and women with a past.   Tan’s novels share many themes and elements, but this paper will focus mainly on two episodes of the novel The Joy Luck Club: The Joy Luck Club and Waiting Between the Trees; and will make referencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1567 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex relationships is that of a mother and daughter. Amy Tan is an author who writes about her life growing up as an Asian-American in Chinatown. Her novel The Joy Luck Club is a series of short stories about Chinese mothers and their assimilated daughters. One of these stories is â€Å"Two Kinds,† which looks into the life of Jing-Mei Woo and her struggle to gain a sense of self. Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercultural differences among Chinese-American families, theRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club1447 Words   |  6 Pageswave of immigration to the United States took place bringing with it a new classification of American. However due to the intimidating cultural and social standards of the United States assimilation was inevitable. In reading Amy Tans thought provoking novel The Joy Luck Club, I am reminded of what has been termed for many decades as the American Dream. Based on the foundations of the Declaration of Independence, this dream entails the idea that we are all, regardless of race or creed, entitledRead MoreTheme Of Love In The Joy Luck Club1029 Words   |  5 Pages and crushes down remorselessly all that stands in its path.† This quote relates perfectly to The Joy Luck Club, which skillfully explores the relationships of different mother, daughter pairs, illuminating the different ways love affects these relations. Thro ughout the novel The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan displays how different forms of love in the stories not only show how mothers love their daughters, and vise versa, but also display how the love love shared between the pairs heal broken bonds, createRead MoreA Pair Of Tickets By Amy Tan1651 Words   |  7 Pages A Pair of Tickets Amy Tan was Chinese –American, born in San Francisco to Chinese immigrants. Amy didn’t set out to be a writer, but she loved writing. When she wrote the Joy Luck Club, it was about stories from four different families that met every week and played mahjong, ate Chinese food, and told stories. Amy didn’t realize how much of these stories she absorbed growing up. Amy never set out to write about her own life, but when she began writing, she realized she had unconscientiously subsumedRead More The Joy Luck Club Essay2220 Words   |  9 PagesThe Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan’s first novel, short-story-like vignettes alternate back and forth between the lives of four Chinese women in pre-1949 China and lives of their American-born daughters in California. The book is a mediation on the divided nature of this emigrant life. The novel is narrated horizontally as well as vertically; friendships and rivalries develop among the daughters as well as the mothers.(Matuz 92) As Jing Mei Woo describes, â€Å"Auntie LinRead MoreHuman Oppressiveness in Two Kinds and AP Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesIt was Emerson who said it best, â€Å"For nonconformity, the world whips you with its displeasure† (Porter 1155). With a detailed look of Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† you will find that this quote is entirely applicable in the context of oppressiveness and in the likeness of â€Å"coming of age.† These two stories document the different perspectives of two characters’ growing up and how the role of the invisible hand of oppression guides developing adolescents into mature adults; without

Terrorism Really Changed the Face of the World Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Generally speaking, terrorism has changed the face of the world. The people of this world have started to feel unsafe whenever they are within a horde and thus different assumptions have started to come about as concerns to the basis of different congregations, events, concerts and so on and so forth. This has really presented a very grim picture of the peace aspect related to this world. It has to be changed and there needs to be thinking mindset shift within the global populace to start with. People need to understand their respective responsibilities and then echo the same in the light of the different policies and strategies drafted by governments of nations present on the global map. (Wanek, 1978) With the growing times, terrorism has adopted a face that is becoming more and more difficult to manage, so much so that the different governments and agencies are falling flat on their policies and lines of action. There are problems left, right and center as far as tackling the terr or activities are concerned and this is one of the significant aspects that need discussion in detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism Really Changed the Face of the World or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page America today is in a fix. Its government is marred by terrorist activities, both in and out of the country. As it is the most powerful nation of the world, thus handling the state of affairs of different countries also lies on its shoulders.

Erythropoietin Is It Worth It - 1542 Words

Erythropoietin: Is it worth it? Carriella Starnes Emory Henry College Over a century ago Eugene Goldwasser and Takaji Miyake worked together in Chicago to synthesize the human hormone erythropoietin, better known as EPO. It took over 10 years for EPO to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration to be used solely for patients with anemia. EPO is naturally produced by the kidneys and is sensitive to the oxygen levels in the blood. When oxygen levels are too low, EPO is released and stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Often times a low oxygen level in the blood can indicate that a person has anemia, which is a â€Å"condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Genius as it was, the system soon caught up and cheating the test became harder (Hopkins, 2000). In the 2004 Olympic games they solely used urine samples to test for synthetic EPO (or rhEPO) in the system, which proved to be a much more accurate way to get results (â€Å"EPO detection†, 2015). Now there are more ways than one to obtain higher levels of EPO. More recently the use of hyperbaric chambers has increased in use by athletes. Hyperbaric chambers increase our oxygen intake from 25% to around 50% by forcing pure oxygen into the lungs which increases oxygen delivery, and thus recovery time is shortened (â€Å"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for athletes†, 2015). Many professional athletes have used these chambers to assist in injury recovery and recuperation after performances. These aren’t just used for athletes, though; hyperbaric chambers work very well to aid in the management of diseases like chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and rehabilitation after surgeries (Howell, n.d.). A tool that may be a little more common is an elevation training mask; these masks are designed to simulate training in higher altitudes by restricting the amount of air one can breathe in. When the amount of oxygen someone breathes in is reduced hemoglobin is produced a t a higher rate, which then transports more oxygen and creates a higher amount ofShow MoreRelatedShould Blood Doping Be Illegal or Legal in Sports?1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthem to keep training at high level because they don’t have to sacrifice their own blood. Since nobody wants to receive the negative effects of doing blood doping, whether it is hemoglobin or autoglobin, they found another way such as using the Erythropoietin (EPO). It is a hormone within the body that stimulates production of red blood cells in the body. Over the years, they were able to reproduce it using recombinant DNA technology. It was originally reproduce to help people who suffered from kidneyRead MoreThe Drug Of Red Blood Cells1568 Words   |  7 Pages Erythropoietin is a hormone that is produced by the kidneys in response to a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells in circulation (2). From the kidneys, erythropoietin (EPO) enters the blood stream and enters the bone marrow where it stimulates an increase in the production of red blood cells (1, 2). This mechanism functions as a negative feedback loop since the signaling of an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to an increased number of red blood cellsRead MoreBlood D oping, Human Growth Hormones, Steroid, Beta 2 Agonists1526 Words   |  7 PagesErythropoietin (EPO), blood doping, human growth hormones, steroid, beta-2 agonists. These are a few substances that come into mind when discussing the topic performance enhancing drug also known as doping. Doping is defined as the use of drugs to enhance performance and gain advantage over the other competitors, and it has been an ongoing problem in the sport community since the early centuries, with an increasing trend showing today. Envision yourself competing against an opponent who has beenRead MoreCompetitive Sport And Its Effect On Sports724 Words   |  3 Pageschilling rates. The 2014 Super Bowl alone generated nearly $4 billion in illegal bets. Many experts and government officials are calling for a crackdown on the illegal gambling syndicates that are laundering and hiding filthy amounts of illegal profits worth up to hundreds of millions of dollars. This problem is due nearly solely to te levised sports and the grubby, grimy gambling culture surrounding it. It is just so blatantly obvious that we as a society would be better off without this lowlife industryRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs. . Performance-Enhancing Drugs1580 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs Performance-enhancing drugs (PED s) have been an issue for many decades now for the medical and sports field. Olympic and professional athletes have been using them to gain an upper hand on the competition, but some may ask if it s really worth it? Studies show that performance-enhancing drugs have been proven to negatively affect the health of athletes who take them. Simply put, performance-enhancing drugs could either improve athletic performance or can be extremely dangerous, in certainRead More Steroids In Sport Essay695 Words   |  3 Pagesnecessary to use so they can perform better. Some users also experience depression during parts of the cycles when taking the drug.Anabolic steroids are illegal and are sold over the black market and there are different kinds. To name some there are Erythropoietin, stimulants, clenbuterol and other drugs that are marketed as steroid alternatives. Without a prescription steroids are illegally sold. Besides steroids there are other performance enhancers that can be bought over the counter. They are androstenedioneRead MorePro Doping in Sports Debate825 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Risk If each of us ought to be free to assume risks that we think are worth taking, shouldnt athletes have the same freedom as anyone else? In particular, if athletes prefer the gains in performance allegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibitRead MoreShould Blood Doping Be Legal?1836 Words   |  8 Pagesinjections of erythropoietin (EPO), and injections of synthetic oxygen carriers (Eichner). Blood transfusions come in two types: autologous transfusions and homologous transfusions. Autologous transfusions require the athlete to store some of their own blood prior to their competition and have it put back into them before the competition. Homologous transfusions differ in that the athlete has another individual s blood with the same blood type put into them. Injections of erythropoietin (EPO) involveRead MoreThe Use of Performance Drugs in Sports Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesrisks. â€Å"Take the time to learn about the potential benefits, the health risks and the many unknowns regarding so-called performance drugs such as anabolic steroids, androstenedione, human growth hormone, erythropoietin, diuretics, creating and stimulants you also may decide that the benefits arent worth the risks.†(Mayo Clinic) Like once some people choose to use drugs to help their performance, other athletes have their freedom of choice infringed upon: if they want to succeed they have to take drugsRead MoreEssay on Performance Enhancing Drugs 1810 Words   |  8 Pagessomebody’s PED problems. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. The question that many people must answer to themselves is â€Å"is it worth the risk†. Therefore, it is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used, the consequences of their use, and then apply that knowledge to how they are represented in the media. The first thing that we have to look at is why many

Landscape in the Classic Western Free Essays

The article â€Å"Landscape in the Western Classic text: Landscape in the Classic Hollywood Western† by Stanley Solomon focuses around the central claim that landscape is definitive to the film genre of Western, defining both plot and characterization. First, the severity of the barren landscape against which the plot of Western movies revolves suggests that the characters in the movie either have to be rugged or likely to fall prey to more rugged ones. Scarcely populated rural places allow for the clear-cut distinction between an honest group of citizens with local sheriff as their leader and a gang of immoral criminals. We will write a custom essay sample on Landscape in the Classic Western or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the landscape is clear-cut and straightforward, so are the characters and their moral traits. The same is true for sharply delineated codes of behavior that have to be grasped by both criminals and good guys. The severe natural and human environments, in which the characters of the Western have to act, develop skills crucial to survival, including â€Å"competence in the face of danger, courage, determination, and endurance† (Solomon 1976). The threat in most cases comes not from nature that, for all its mercilessness, is fair and predictable in its threats, but from human villains. The struggle between moral and immoral characters is the cornerstone of the plot. A peculiar environment often tells a lot about the women’s role. Most of female characters, exactly like men, should possess strength of character and survival skills that are looked up to by men. At the same time, women bring a humanizing effect to movies, supporting the value of human life. Western movies often call for insights into the past of the character, in contrast to urban movies where the emphasis is on the throbbing present of the city life. A Western character arrives at the scene a mature man, shaped by his past experiences, that often involve some indelible tragedy. Understanding a character’s past is essential, although information of it is often presented as a mere hint. â€Å"The interrelationships of landscape, characterization, and the past† form the central focus of the Western genre (Solomon 1976). Bibliography Solomon, Stanley. Beyond Formula: American Film Genres. 1976.       How to cite Landscape in the Classic Western, Essay examples

Mock Trial Reflection free essay sample

In our Civil case, I am Jean Welby, who is paul welby’s mother and also the witness of the case. I am 46years old,a stay home mum,living in 1703. w. sesame street. If I need to rate myself for the effort I put into my role, I think I will rate for 4 because everyday, I actively participated in our group discussion and I had read my deposition and the whole story for a a lot of times ,highlighted plenty of important sentences/imformation which could help me for our trail. Also, I prepared and wrote down the questions and answers that the plantiff attorney would ask me during the cross-examination. There is one thing that I am really proud of is that we finishd our whole trail in a right and fair process as well as I completed my witness job successfully. However,there is still one thing I need to do differently. We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Trial Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I was reading Jean Welby’s deposition, there was one slang in it, I should ask my American Friends the meaning of the slang instead of using my own way to understand it . To be honest, this mock trail ,which I have never done before is really a good pratical experience for me. Through this imitation trail, I got a better,specific and deepen understanding about the trial and I learned about the leagal system in a more competitive manner. I feel I just experienced a real trail. It’s pretty cool ! Moreover,There are three things that I learned about the trail process from this experience that I didn’t know before I want to say. First, it is about the Baliff. Actually, before the mock trail, I never know there is baliff in the trail. But after experiencing, I know about that before every trail, we should have a baliff like Collin in our mock trail to ask every witness â€Å"do you swear to tell the truth,the whole truth, and nothing but the truth ,so help your god? † And at the same time,witness should raise their right hand and put their left hand on the bible. Another thing is about the â€Å"redirect† and â€Å"recross†. During the redirect and recorss, attorneys should question their own/other witnesses again,but must remain with the scope of what was discussed in cross-examination/redirect. Based on my knowledge about trail process , I didn’t know that the questions attorneys ask during the redirect and recross should be confined into the scope of what was discussed in cross-examination/redirect before. What I think is that attorneys can ask whatever they want to help their trail. The third thing I didn’t know before is about the leading questions. During our mock trail, we could always hear the attorneys will point the other sides’ attorneys didn’t ask the leading questions. When attorneys question witnesses , they must use leading questions which will not involve their own opinions, will not influence the evidence presented and will let witnesses to say the whole storys about the case. In addition, I think our trail was fair. There are some reasons as follows. We strictly followed the right trail process. We had opening statements, direct and cross examination, re-direct ,re-cross, closing statements,jury instructions, and the final verdict. Also, in my opinion, the plaintiff in our civil case met the required standard of proof. They did a good job on organizing and leading the group which include determine charges,accused and witness. They discussed with all the group members a lot and prepared a general plan to win the case. In our case, attorneys and witnesses work together very well,also you can see we have a lot of re-direct and re-cross going on which could provide more and more evidence to jurys. And all the questions that defense attorneys asked were all based on deliberation and deep discussion with group members . Also the questions they asked could help a lot to their sides. For example, our defense attorneys ask the plantiff witness Paul Welby that â€Å"Have his parents talked about the safety rules of driving before? † and â€Å"Did they know paul and Danny were drinking when they were out of the room? †Also they asked the plantiff witness â€Å"police† that â€Å"Whether Danny wore seat belt or not in the car accident? † These three examples all can help to build The Welbys image that they are very good people , they follow the rules and taught their son if he drinked too much, they could pick up him instead of driving by himself. Also they showed the jurys that Danny himself didn’t wear the seat belt when they were driving which directly caused himself serious injury . More importantly, they proved that Mr Welby and Mrs Welby couldn’t foreseen the outcome and injurys of Danny when they provided alcohol to Danny and Paul. According to the aboved reasons,the total money that Danny’s parents sued the welbys were so much and unreasonable. And Based on these information and reasons above, I disagree with the verdict. I think it should not be 50% ,50% for our both sides. We should get more than 50% support that the welbys should not pay Danny’s family that much money.