JOURNAL ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JOURNAL - Assignment Example This concept shifts the businesses’ marketing efforts from being product-centered to being customer-centered (Borch, 3). After the purchase I went to my grandfather’s house where he showed me his collection of vintage cars. There I found one Ford car called the Model-T Ford. My grandfather told me that at that time they used to sell only this car which was available only in the black color (Brooke, 8). The marketing concept that came to my mind was Mass Marketing where the seller is involved in the mass production, mass distribution and mass promotion of one product for all buyers. Today I was watching television where I saw a news report about a chain of supermarket that is adapting its product range to suit the needs and preferences of the local communities. I immediately linked this news to the marketing concept called Geographic segmentation (McDonald, 121). This kind of segmentation is carried out by companies such as Walmart and Kmart in United States for the purpose of retaining their customers. I was reading a book about Indian economy and how it was in total disarray before the liberalization process in 1991. The book mentioned that after Coca-Cola was forced to make an exit from Indian market, Pepsi made a comprehensive attempt to win over Indian government and business (Bachmeier, 123). The success achieved by this helped Pepsi in entering the market and dominating it for a considerable time. This kind of marketing is called Megamarketing which depends on strategic coordination of economic psychological, political and public relation skills. Branding is a very important marketing concept. It simply establishes a link between the products and services with power of brand. Branding forms an image in the minds of consumers and gives them a reason to buy that product. When I picked up my Gillette razor in

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignment Example Introduction An organization can be analysed through various perspectives ranging from bureaucratic, contingency, cultural and political perspectives. Organization bureaucracy is witnessed both in private and public organizations depending on their structure and the culture. The system of bureaucracy is evident in DHL and it from part of the management structure and culture since it is a big firm with lots of activities carried on daily basis. Organizational culture can be considered as the basis for administration since each organization as its own set of rules that determine its behaviour. Every organization has their own unique cultures that are applied in their daily applications to achieve their aims and objectives. A proper organizational structure ensures that there is a smooth coordination and supervision of activities within the organization that hasten the performance of the organization (Spencern, 2010). The structure also acts as the foundation in which the standard opera tional procedures and routines are managed and determines which individuals participate in the decision making process. What is an organization? An organization is a mechanism for coordination actions of people in order to obtain something they desire by creating value .The vision of the company is to be a logistic company in the world, in their mission statement the company strives to simplify the life of customers and to make customers, employees and investor more successful. They make a positive contribution to the people around the by demonstrating utmost respect while achieving results (DHL, 2013b). The headquarters for DHL UAE is strategically located in Dubai since it is a world premier transhipment hub of the Middle East. The trade link amongst China and the Middle East increased to 190 billion dollars in 2010 and DHL is enjoying being part of the shipment and other related logistics. This paper analyses DHL Company in terms of contingency, cultural, bureaucracy and politica l perspective in order to understand their operations fully. What is the importance of the organization? The importance of the organization is to increase specialization and division of labour while using large-scale technology and proper external environment management. DHL in the UAE is a subsidiary of DHL worldwide express, a fast growing company in the enormous growth that is expected to continue in the near future (DHL, 2013c). The HR Department in collaboration with other departments is responsible for recruiting all the employees drawn from various backgrounds to provide the division of labour needed by the company. Administration and compensation benefits are the fastest growing areas of the HR department in the UAE Company. The salaries are being streamlined to match the regional standards of the company in order to minimize spending. The medical benefits, the employee leave, car allowance that was previously administered in ad-hoc basis are now formalized to bring them to regional guidelines. What is organization theory? This is the study of how organizations functions and how they affect and are in turn affected by the environment in which they operate. The requirements of organization theory are that managers select and manage aspects of structure and culture of the company in

Consumer priority between cadbury and nestle chocolates

Consumer priority between cadbury and nestle chocolates In this research the product performance and buying behaviour of two famous brands of chocolates Nestle and Cadbury, which is use by people of all ages, is surveyed. This research involves interaction with people of PANIPAT. Conclusion of the research includes how people got these products on the change like advertisement, satisfaction, taste, packaging, price, quality, brand loyalty etc. and also which specialised brand of chocolate is most preferred by people of different age collections. In this research it is checked that how fast and how much chocolate they consumed, whether they buy small, big or family pack. Trend on changing basis their connection has been shown in the report. In this report it is tried to explain that the entire research and facts product wise. As already mentioned in this research the product performance and buying behaviour of two famous brands of chocolates Nestle and Cadbury, which are taking by people of all ages is surveyed. As consumers, everyone plays a vital role in the health of the economy international, local, national . The decision we make concern on our consuming behavior affect the demand for the basic raw materials, for the conveyence, banking, production; they effect the service of workers and decrement of resources and success of some few companies and failures of others. Thus marketer must understand this. PRIORITY (or taste) is a concept, used in the social sciences, particularly economics. It perceive a imagined or real choice between substitute and the probably of rank ordering of these substitute, based on gratification, enjoyment, happiness, satisfaction, utility they provide. More generally, it can be seen as a source of inspiring. In cognitive sciences, single choice enable choice of objectives/goals. The consumer significance not only emphasis on why and how consumers make purchasing decision, but also emphasize on why and how customers make some choice of the goods they make and their assesment of these goods after use. So for achieving of any company or product raise it is very necessary to take out its attention towards consumer preference. PROJECT BACKGROUND The source of chocolate can be captured back to the ancient Maya and Aztec civilizations in Central America, who first enjoyed chocolate a much-prized spicy drink made from roasted cocoa beans. Throughout its history, whether as cocoa or drinking chocolate beverage or confectionary treat, chocolate has been a much sought after food. The initial proof of chocolate was over twelve hundred years ago in the central America rain forests, where the tropical mix of high rain fall combined with high year round temperatures and humidity provide the ideal climate for cultivation of the plant from which chocolate is derived, the cacao tree. Chocolate is made from the cocoa bean, found in pods growing from the trunk and lower branches of the cacao tree, Latin name theobroma cacao meaning food of the gods Cacao was corrupted into the more familiar cocoa by the early European explorers. The Maya brewed a spicy, bittersweet drink by roasting and pounding the seeds of the cacao tree with maize and capsicum peppers and letting the mixture ferment. This drink was reserved for use in ceremonies as well as for drinking by the wealthy and religious elite; they also ate cacao porridge. The first mention of chocolate being eaten in solid form is when bakers in England began adding cocoa powder to cakes in the mid 1600s. Then in 1828 a Dutch chemist, Johannes van houten, invented a method of extracting the bitter tasting fat or cocoa butter from the roasted ground beans, his aim was to make the drink smoother and more palatable, however he unknowingly paved the way for solid chocolate as we know it. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared in 1847 when fry sons of Bristol, England mixed sugar with cocoa powder and cocoa butter (made by the van houten process) to produce the first solid chocolate bar then in1875 a Swiss manufacturer, Daniel peters, found a way to combine (some would say improve, some would say ruin) cocoa powder and cocoa butter with sugar and dried milk powder to produce the first milk chocolate. ABOUT NESTLE The  Company  was founded in  1866 by Henri Nestlà © in Vevey, Switzerland, where our headquarters are still located today. We employ around 280 000 people and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. Nestlà © sales for 2010 were almost  CHF  110bn. Nestle strategy Nestlà ©s objectives are to be recognised as the world leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness, trusted by all its stakeholders, and to be the reference for financial performance. We believe that leadership is not just about size; it is also about behaviour. Trust, too, is about behaviour; and we recognise that trust is earned only over a long period of time by consistently delivering on our promises. These objectives and behaviours are encapsulated in the simple phrase, Good Food, Good Life, a phrase that sums up our corporate ambition. ABOUT CADBURY Cadbury is a company with a long history in New Zealand and a passionate commitment to making everyone feel happy. Cadbury strategy This 6 Point Action Plan will help us deliver our contribution towards preventing obesity and positively influencing consumer health: 1.Innovation Through innovation were investing in the development of new products within every category that will provide consumers with more choice. These include lower calorie offerings and new sweetening options. In addition, were reducing trans-fats and salt content in our products and have discontinued marketing products with embedded toys. 2.Marketing weve introduced a Global Marketing Code of Practice with specific reference to children. We will not advertise where children under eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. It also defines the special care to be taken when advertising to children between ages eight and twelve. 3.variety we help our consumers by providing a broader range of options across all our product ranges, to provide greater choice and flexibility for how they consume our products. We are including new portion sizes and sharing information on our labeling. Where we have larger product formats, we provide serving size information to make it clear that these products are for sharing or multi-occasions. 4.Labeling were looking for ways to help people make more informed choices about what they eat, how much and how often. This includes providing nutrition information in a format that is easier to understand and responsible consumption messages. Were applying a new global labeling standard, called Be Treat wise, to help educate consumers about the role of treats in the diet. 5.Vending We dont vend our confectionery or carbonated soft drink products in primary schools and will only vend these products in secondary schools by invitation and in line with nutritional guidelines set by the school. Guidelines for vending are included within our global marketing code of practice. 6.insight we continue to invest in consumer research that helps build our knowledge of health concerns, including obesity. Were using and sharing our consumer research and expertise to help improve understanding of concerns, both within and outside our business. PROJECT AIMS OBJECTIVES This project is based on the relative study consumer performance towards Nestle and Cadbury chocolates. Objectives of the study are: To the customer satisfaction level linked with the product and the customer first choice level. To enlarge customer satisfaction and recall the market share by satisfying the customer desires. To study the factor distressing the utilization sample. RESEARCH PROGRAM In this the method of the study is describe. This project is based on data composed from primary resources. After the complete study, an effort has been made to show full study of utilization of Cadbury and nestle chocolates taken by the people. The data had been used for various aspect like utilization, consumers first choice and customers approval regarding Cadbury and Nestle chocolates. In collecting vital data and information concerning the topic selected, I went to the people of Panipat and composed the data. Survey design: The study is a stratum study because the data were composed at a single time. For the reason of this study a connected sample of residents was selected on the basis of expediency. Sample Size and Design: A sample of 500 people was taken on the basis of expediency. The actual customer were contacted on the basis of random sampling. Time period of the Study:- The research will be take around 6 month. Research Period: Research work is carried in 8-12 weeks. Research Instrument: This work is passed out through the making of questionnaires. The questions integrated were open ended and obtainable multiple choices. Data Analysis: The data will be analyzed on the basis of appropriate tables by using mathematical techniques. The technique that I will use is bar technique. This dissertation includes the following area of research CONSUMER RESEARCH: customer research deals with customer and their troubles and solution to the problems. PRODUCT RESEARCH: Under product research variation which customers wants as to the packing, shape, quality, color and quantity etc of their desired chocolate is studied. PRICING RESEARCH: This includes capability to devour, to pay for the product, how much a person can spend on his/her favorite chocolate. ADVERTISING RESEARCH: Under this It is accomplished that whether the advertisement appeals the customer or not. DELIVERABLES Dissertation proposal Comparative study of customer response for Cadbury and nestle Review of existing literature on Cadbury and nestle Review of current market situation for Cadbury and nestle Reason for customer preference between Cadbury and nestle. Situations that are leading to customer dissatisfaction Dissertation report RESOURCES Data Collection: The data, which is collected for the purpose of study, is divided into 2 bases: Primary Source: The primary data include data survey of relative study of customer behavior towards Nestle and Cadbury chocolates. The information has been taken directly from answerer with the help of structured and unstructured questionnaires. Secondary Source: The secondary data was collected from internet, References from Library.

Rape fantasies :: essays research papers

Written in 1977, "Rape Fantasies" appears to be a recap of a conversation among several women during their lunch hour, a few of them playing bridge, one--Chrissy the receptionist--reading aloud from a tabloid. When Chrissy asks the question, "How about it, girls, do you have rape fantasies?" the story unfolds with each woman's response, all retold from the perspective of Estelle, who's doing her best to deflect the entire conversation by concentrating on her bidding. The conversation is tragically ironic, moving from woman to woman, Darlene calling the entire subject "disgusting," Greta describing a Tarzan-like scenario, Chrissy describing hers in a bubble bath, when Estelle, ever the voice of reason, reminds them that what they're describing are sexual fantasies: "Listen . . . those aren't rape fantasies. I mean, you aren't getting raped, it's just some guy you haven't met formally who happens to be more attractive than Derek Cummins . . . and you have a good time. Rape is when they've got a knife or something and you don't want to" (104.) Estelle then describes her rape fantasy where she deflects her attacker by squirting juice from a plastic lemon in his eyes ("You should hear the one about the Easy Off Cleaner"), but also includes the one where "this short, ugly fellow comes up and grabs my arm . . . [and] I say, kind of disgusted, 'Oh for Chrissake,' and he starts to cry," which prompts a wave of sympathy in Estelle (106). And there are more, each with Estelle warding off her attacker through outsmarting him ("I've just found out I have leukemia"), or talking him out of it. As the narrative continues, the reader becomes aware that Estelle is addressing someone in addition to the reader--"I hope you don't mind me holding my nose like this . . ." (107) and that person is probably a man (twice Estelle says, "But I guess it's different for a guy"). As the story ends, we realize that Estelle all along has been in a bar, speaking to a man she has just met, worrying about the possibility she will be raped by him. "Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he's just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you're human, you have a life too, I don't see how they could go ahead with it, right?

Deviant behavior Essay

The labeling theory and the social control theory are two explanations behind the concept of deviance. The labeling theory argues that society itself creates deviance by classifying certain behaviors or people as deviant. The social control theory, meanwhile, believes that deviance is a result of the failure of social institutions to enforce societal norms. Labeling and Social Control Theories Every culture has norms or standards that distinguish acceptable from unacceptable behavior. Actions or behaviors that go against cultural norms are referred to as deviance. To understand why some individuals resort to deviance, sociologists and criminologists first analyze how norms are created, modified and enforced. The labeling theory and the social control theory are just two of the explanations these experts have come up with regarding the nature of deviance. Labeling Theory The labeling theory argues that people assume deviant roles in society. No conduct or individual is inherently deviant – society itself creates deviance by classifying certain behaviors or people as deviant. Those who observe deviant manners acquire deviant identities by internalizing deviant labels that society imposes on them. Instead of finding the root cause of deviance, society will attribute it to particular behaviors or people (Kontos and Brotherton, 2008). Proponents of the labeling theory claim that the social group is the one responsible for deviance. It creates norms in order to differentiate conventional people from deviants. Norms, however, are detrimental in the sense that it does not recognize the difference between rule breakers or rule-breaking behavior and deviants or deviant behavior. A person is dismissed as deviant regardless of whether or not his or her actions actually violated any norm (Hamlin, n. d. ). The Stages of Labeling According to the American sociologist Howard Becker, a person undergoes three stages when he is transformed from being regarded as normal to being recognized and labeled as deviant. The first stage is the initial â€Å"public† labeling or the informal process of labeling that eventually becomes an official definition of a person as deviant. Examples of this are the shoplifter who is tried in court and is sent to prison as a â€Å"criminal† and the drunk whom the doctor or the psychiatrist diagnoses as an â€Å"alcoholic. † The process of labeling begins with just the doctor, psychiatrist and judge, and then finally spreads to the entire community (Slattery, 2003). The second stage involves the official label’s overriding of all the other statuses and symbols that a person previously had. Society will severe ties with this individual and deny him or her opportunities for advancement. The father who becomes an alcoholic, for instance, ends up being divorced by his wife and abandoned by his children. The ex-convict, meanwhile, is unable to buy a house or get a job because of his criminal record (Slattery, 2003). The third stage is characterized by the label severely damaging the self-esteem of the person involved. The â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† begins to take place – he or she may live up to the deviant label that society imposed on him or her by assuming a deviant lifestyle. He or she may also withdraw from â€Å"conventional† society by seeking support and status from other deviants who share similar lifestyles. An occasional drug user, for instance, may live up to his â€Å"reputation† as a junkie by going to underground bars and clubs frequented by drug addicts. The juvenile delinquent, on the other hand, may later become a professional criminal, in accordance to what society labeled him (Slattery, 2003).

Bleak House Imagery of Bleakness

The Imagery of Bleakness and Disease in Charles Dickens’s â€Å"Bleak House† Having been referred to as one of Dickens’s best novel, â€Å"Bleak House† is a novel which stands out, not only through its narrative technique, but also through the complex imagery the author conveys, managing somehow to relate this imagery to the real world, namely the XIXth century England. Thus, in spite of some instances of humorous, ironical scenes and a few comic characters, the novel reveals the sordidness and disease which seemed to prevail in England during those times. From the opening sentence of the novel, the Court of Chancery is introduced, being associated with the symbols of fog and mud: â€Å"Never can there come a fog too thick, never can there come mud and mire too deep,†¦ holds, this day† The word â€Å"fog† appears thirteen times in one paragraph, and many times throughout the novel, the author conveying thus a bleak imagery, symbolic for the English society of the XIXth century. Making use of a special narrative technique, Dickens chooses to have his story told by two different narrators, an omniscient third-person narrator and a first-person narrator, Esther Summerson, who is presenting her life from her own viewpoint. Unlike the generalizing, highly rhetorical voice which opens the novel, Esther’s voice begins hesitatingly, almost self-deprecating herself. This manner of presenting her story is highly relevant as it is seen as a result of her life as an orphan in the sordid house of a cruel, merciless aunt. Thus, regarding the imagery of bleakness, Esther can be deemed to have passed through a series of symbolic â€Å"bleak houses† before she reaches the real Bleak House, which proves to be the least bleak of all. Consequently, it can be considered that the names of the two houses – â€Å"Bleak House†, is nothing more than Dickens’s irony which becomes obvious only in the end of the novel. With regard to Esther’s evolution throughout the novel, the first and apparently worse bleak house is that of her childhood, where she is raised by her cruel aunt who tells her that â€Å"It would have been better †¦ hat you had never been born†. The little girl is taught to make use of submission, self-denial and diligent work so as to compensate for her guilt of having been born. Another bleak house situated in Esther’s long evolutionary path is the house of Mrs Jellyby, an apparently philanthropic woman who is more preoccupied with Africa than w ith her own numerous family. This was meant as a metaphor of imperial England, which was so much engaged around the world in those times, that it became out of touch with the problems it had at home. The imagery of bleakness is here complex, revealing a dirty, unkept for house, with children running all around it, without having anyone to care for them. The imagery of bleakness and disease is also evident in the description of Krook’s rooming house, an emblem of waste and neglect. Krook is described as a ragged man who keeps documents, â€Å"the detritus of legal London†(Davis,42) in his bottle shop, while his apartments are the home for the victims of Chancery, little Miss Flite and the ill law writer Nemo, two characters who represent two powerful instances of the imagery of disease. What is interesting is the way Dickens chooses to relate the bleakness of these houses to the law and the system of injustice, which serves itself, but ignores the effects its actions have upon humans. But even the law is perceived inside a bleak house, namely Tulkinghorn’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, which is described as having been â€Å"let off in sets of chambers; and in those shrunken fragments of its greatness, lawyers lie like maggots in nuts†¦ Here among his many boxes labelled with transcendent names, lives Mr. Tulkinghorn. Everything that can have a lock has got one; no key is visible. † As far as the disease metaphor si concerned, this seems to be very complex in Jo, the illiterate sweeper, who is seen most of the time starving and begging. Given the society with no public education, Jo is allowed to know nothing, he is neglected by the system itself, being somehow forced to move on, regardless of his deprivations. The most seemingly bizarre expression of the disease metaphor is found in the figure of Krook, the illiterate rag and bottle merchant who seems to be the underworld equivalent of the Lord Chancellor. Just like him, Krook collects legal documents but he is not able to understand their content, and so they cannot help justice. As a warning for the established legal system stands the episode of Krook’s improbable death by spontaneous combustion, which is symbolic for legal England ending in fire, as â€Å"When the law becomes totally absorbed with itself and its own procedures, it is bound to destroy itself†, according to Dickens. In the light of the above-mentioned evidence, it can be said that the imagery of bleakness and disease in the lives of his characters is used by Charles Dickens so as to reveal the bleakness of England itself and how a sick system caused many injustices and perils for the poor, while the rich had a life of luxury and abundance. Works cited Primary sources: Dickens, Charles, Bleak House, Collins, London and Glasgow, 1953 Secondary sources: 2. Davis, Paul, Charles Dickens A Literary Reference to his Life and Work, Infobase Publishing, 1999, pp 41-45 3. Aubrey, Brian, Novels for Students, Gale Publishing, pp 84-86

walking through the gallery essays

walking through the gallery essays Walking through the gallery, the artwork of Ansel Easton Adams caught my eye; my favorite piece was his 1929 photograph of Tony Lujan. Adams is famous for his mastery in black and white photography. His photos contain vast scale as well as intimate detail. Adams was born in 1902 in San Francisco. His first love was for music as he trained to become a concert pianist. However, in 1916, Adams took his first trip to Yosemite National Park. It was there when his parents gave him a camera and he took his first photographs. Adams skill for photography grew with age. He published his first set of prints in 1927. In 1932, Adams formed a group of photographers that he named Group f/64. Their philosophy was to embody an approach to perfect realization of photographic vision through technically flawless prints. With the support and intervention of this group, Adams went on to develop many outstanding photographs and publish more than two dozen books. Adams main focus in photography was centered in California; more specifically in Yosemite. In 1984, the United States Congress established the Ansel Adams Wilderness area, between Yosemite National Park and the John Muir Wilderness area in California. Adams even had a mount named after him on the southeast boundary of Yosemite in 1985. Ansel Adams is described as an engineer of photography. Adams used science to perfect his prints and become a master of the whole process from shooting to development to print and even to reproduction. The piece I have chosen is of a Native American named Tony Lujan. This black and white photo captures many subtle tone and light changes. It is very detailed; even the smallest lines are visible in his face. Tony Lujan is wearing a native hooded cloth that extends down his neck and over his shoulders and chest. His facial expression is captured beautifully which moves the viewer to feel. ...